River Murray flows reached historically low levels due to the combined impacts of extreme drought and decades of over-allocation across the Murray–Darling Basin. Drought in Australia is defined by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology as rainfall over a three-month period being in the lowest decile of what has been recorded for that region in the past. Our analysis provided some support for a role of IOD on the Millennium Drought in south Australia, but we were unable to identify any influence of SAM on the 2001–2009 drought or long‐term trends. Heavy rainfall in June and July, particularly in coastal regions of New South Wales and in Victoria's At the end of 2007 the Bureau of Meteorology estimated that south-eastern Australia had missed the equivalent of a full year's rain in the previous 11 years.2008 and 2009 saw continuing hot and dry conditions in south-eastern Australia, with occasional heavy rainfall failing to break the continuing drought. Organic carbon (dead plant material) that had been retained in the landscape during the drought was mobilised into the river system and the breakdown of this consumed dissolved oxygen.The environmental legacy of the drought persists in parts of the system.

These deficiencies re-emerge against a background of significant longer-term rainfall decline over southern Australia which has now persisted for decades. The rainfall dramatically increased surface water storage and soil moisture, effectively ending the drought in the south-east.While 70% of New South Wales was in drought at the beginning of 2010, the entire state was officially out of drought by December. For many locations this was the first year of above-average rainfall since 1996. Parts of the Coorong became too salty for many native plants and animals to survive, becoming five times saltier than the sea. and supports their Nations to take a leading role in caring for their Country.Senate Select Committee on the Murray-Darling Basin PlanGeneral water allocation trading opportunities into and out of South AustraliaTradeable water entitlements in the SA River MurrayRamsar Management Plan for the Coorong and Lower LakesEcological monitoring – Lower Lakes, Coorong and Murray Mouth The Bureau of Meteorology's head of climate analysis, David Jones, released statistics showing that in 2007 South Australia, NSW, Victoria, the ACT and the Dry conditions began to emerge in south-eastern Australia during late 1996 and accentuated during the strong 1997 El Niño event.According to the Bureau of Meteorology, much of eastern Australia experienced a dry 2001.The El Niño weather pattern broke down during 2003 but occasional strong rainfall in 2003 and 2004 failed to alleviate the cumulative effect of persistently low rainfall in south-eastern Australia, with some measurement stations having recorded below average rainfall for eight consecutive years.South-east Australia experienced its second-driest year on record in 2006, particularly affecting the major agricultural region of the In early 2007, senior weather forecasters predicted that the drought would ease along the east coast with a return to average rainfall from late February 2007. It has led to the construction of six major Beginning in the second half of 1991, a very severe drought occurred throughout Although the period of the Millennium Drought was characterised by several The effects of the drought on water availability was compounded by historically high temperatures over the same period. What were the effects of the Millennium Drought on the Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth? The southwest of Western Australia has experienced a 10 to 20 per cent drop in winter rainfall since around 1970—that has been expressed as a step-change or series of step-changes, rather than a … By October 1994, part of the upper Darling River system had collapsed and the Condamine River had reverted to a series of ponds. Heavy rains elsewhere led to bumper harvests over much of the state, this in turn led to the largest mouse plague since 1993 across parts of South Australia, West Australia and Victoria. We acknowledge and respect the deep spiritual connection and the relationship

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